Fiber materials are structured materials formed from fibrous substances through textile processing. They possess a very unique structure. Fiber materials are not continuous media in the conventional sense; they contain numerous interfaces between fibers and between fibers and air. The connections between fibers are very loose, resulting in a unique modulus in mechanical properties. The pores in fiber materials are naturally formed gaps between fibers, and these pores are interconnected, making the effective porosity of fiber materials very high. Fibers are a material form with a large aspect ratio and a very small diameter, making them easily bent and deformable. Therefore, fiber materials are also very flexible and have excellent shape adaptability. Fibers can be divided into natural fibers, synthetic fibers, and inorganic fibers. In recent years, my country's fiber materials industry has made significant progress, with emerging fiber materials constantly appearing, further expanding the application range of fiber materials with their superior properties. I. High-Performance Carbon Fiber and its Composites Carbon fiber, as the "king of lightweighting," combines the high strength of carbon materials with the flexibility and processability of fiber textiles. Carbon fibers typically have a diameter of 5-7 micrometers, only about 1/10 the thickness of a human hair. Their density is less than 1/4 that of steel, yet their strength is 5-7 times that of steel and more than 4 times that of aluminum alloys. They also possess properties such as high-temperature resistance, friction resistance, thermal conductivity, and corrosion resistance. Compared to aluminum alloy structural components, carbon fiber composites can achieve a weight reduction of 20%-40%; compared to steel components, the weight reduction can reach 60%-80%. The main application of carbon fiber is as a reinforcing material, combined with resins, metals, ceramics, and carbon to manufacture advanced composite materials. Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites have the highest specific strength and specific modulus among existing engineering materials. II. High-Performance Para-Aramid Fibers and Their Composites Para-aramid fiber (PPTA) is an extremely important strategic material. Its strength is 5-6 times that of steel wire, its specific modulus is 2-3 times that of steel or glass fiber, its toughness is twice that of steel, while its weight is only about 1/5 that of steel. It can serve as both a load-bearing structural material and a functional material for heat protection, ablation prevention, and corrosion resistance. It is one of the world's largest-scale organic fibers with excellent properties such as high modulus, high strength, high temperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and light weight. High-performance para-aramid fibers and their composites are mainly used in optical fiber reinforcement, the automotive industry, aerospace, electrical equipment, rail transportation, military protection, sporting goods, and new energy fields. III. Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber and its Composites Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE), also known as high-strength, high-modulus polyethylene fiber, typically refers to fibers spun from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene resin with a molecular weight of 1 million to 5 million. UHMWPE fiber is white in appearance and has a density of 0.97~0.98 g/cm³. It is currently the fiber with the highest specific strength and specific modulus in the world, and is the third generation of high-performance fiber after carbon fiber and aramid fiber, and also the lowest density high-performance fiber. Through the manufacture of UD fabric (non-woven fabric), covered yarn, composite yarn, rope netting, and textile fabrics, it is further widely used in military equipment, marine industry, security protection, textiles, sporting goods, medical, construction, and many other fields. Influenced by the global situation and increased national security awareness, industries such as equipment and security protection have experienced rapid development, and the global demand for high-strength, high-performance UHMWPE fiber is steadily increasing. In 2023, the global demand for UHMWPE fiber was approximately 54,700 tons, with a CAGR of approximately 12.1% from 2018 to 2023. Currently, only four countries in the world—the Netherlands, the United States, Japan, and China—have achieved large-scale production of UHMWPE fiber, and my country is the largest consumer market for UHMWPE fiber. With the continuous improvement of living standards and the steady development of national construction in my country, the demand in the civilian sector will bring richer market vitality to UHMWPE fiber. It is estimated that by 2028, the total demand for UHMWPE fiber in China will reach 55,400 tons, with an average annual compound growth rate of 10.4%. IV. Basalt Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials Basalt fiber (BF) has high strength and stiffness, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, and is also very lightweight. Compared with other composite materials, it is biodegradable, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly, and is hailed as a "green industrial material" of the 21st century. It has high application value in aerospace, military, and road transportation. my country started producing basalt fiber relatively late, but its development has been rapid. Currently, it has reached the international leading level in terms of process and equipment operation stability, fiber performance, and the development of end-fiber products. At the same time, my country is rich in basalt resources, with large amounts of basalt mineral resources distributed in Gansu, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang, Shanxi, Sichuan, and other places. my country has also listed basalt fiber as one of the four key fibers for development (carbon fiber, aramid, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, and basalt fiber), and has achieved industrialized production.